Animal Profile


Turbo

Hello, my name is Turbo. My animal id is #219557. I am a male black dog at the Queens Animal Care Center. The shelter thinks I am about 4 years 2 months 2 weeks old.

I came into the shelter as a agency on 1/29/2025.

Sorry, this pet is for new hope partners only.

Pre-Screener Form

Turbo is at risk due to behavior concerns He has shown leash-biting tendencies, especially when overstimulated or reacting to sudden changes in his environment, which includes leash biting, growling and attempting to jump on handlers. Despite these challenges, Turbo has shown treat motivation and periods of calm behavior when given enrichment activities. Medically, Turbo is apparently healthy. Turbo has a $500 stipend to be provided to a New Hope Partner if pulled.

You may know me from such films as...

Let's get to know each other a bit more...

This pet needs emergency placement. Please click here to go to our emergency placement page for more information. Due to the detailed behavior issues, this animal is only available for foster/adoption through one of ACC's New Hope Partners. If you are interested in adopting or fostering, please fill out the pre-screener form. This animal is not directly available for adoption through ACC and is only available by completing the pre-screener form.Adoption inquiries sent directly to ACC will not receive a response.Pre-Screener Form Turbo is at risk due to behavior concerns He has shown leash-biting tendencies, especially when overstimulated or reacting to sudden changes in his environment, which includes leash biting, growling and attempting to jump on handlers. Despite these challenges, Turbo has shown treat motivation and periods of calm behavior when given enrichment activities. Medically, Turbo is apparently healthy. Turbo was surrendered to the Care Centers as a stray so his past behavior in a home environment is unknown. Turbo has been highly social with staff and handlers during his time in care, who enjoys most treats, enrichment toys and games, and playing with toys; he prefers the soft plush squeaky ones the most. However, Turbo has displayed a concerning level of arousal and leash biting which has made walking him safely difficult. Due to these concerns, we recommend for Turbo to be placed in an adult-only home through a New Hope rescue partner that can address Turbo's challenges with the use of a certified positive reinforcment only trainer. What my friends at ACC say about me: My history is a mystery and my friends here do not know much about me yet! It is unknown if I have ever lived with other animals or children. I am looking for a home with a patient person. I can be slow to adjust to new environments. I prefer to take things at my own pace. A volunteer writes: All good boys deserve treats, but this best boy even more so. Arriving via police with a large wound on his back, masses and scrapes on the rest of his body, Turbo remains a happy, easy to handle guy. So happy, in fact, that he adds a case of "happy tail" to his laundry list of medical issues, from wagging too hard against his kennel walls. So, when we meet him, we know he's earned a special treat and he's excited to receive his pup cup. So much so that he gets the whipped cream on his cone and a sprinkle sticks to his nose, making a silly, but adorable picture. He's so excited to have a reprieve from his kennel and enjoy his snack, but that we can't help but give him seconds. After all he's been through, it's the least we can offer him!

My medical notes are...

Weight: 61 lbs

4/12/2025

2/26/2025

2/23/2025

2/16/2025

2/14/2025

2/13/2025

2/11/2025

2/9/2025

2/7/2025

2/5/2025

2/5/2025

2/4/2025

1/31/2025

Your newly adopted pet has been diagnosed with severity of wounds and the staff veterinarians are issuing a TEMPORARY waiver from the spay/neuter requirements of the City of NY. Follow up care at your regular veterinarian is recommended to ensure continued treatment through to the resolution of the issue. At the time of a full recovery you may choose to have your veterinarian perform the spay/neuter surgery, or make provisions to return the pet to ACC for sterilization.

1/30/2025

1/30/2025

DVM Intake Exam Estimated age: 4 years Microchip noted on Intake? scanned negative History: stray Subjective: BAR Observed Behavior - friendly dog, easy to handle, tail wagging, no signs of aggression, massive scab with open wound on dorsal thorax/abdomen, open wound on left ischium pressure point Is there evidence of Cruelty? possible Is there evidence of Neglect? Yes Is there evidence of Trauma? Yes Objective BCS: 4/9 underweight for size EENT: Eyes clear, ears clean, no nasal or ocular discharge noted Oral Exam: slight yellowing on teeth, tartar on canines, incisors pre/molars PLN: No enlargements noted H/L: NSR, NMA, CRT < 2, Lungs clear, eupneic ABD: Non painful, no masses palpated U/G: intact male two testicles MSI: - Ambulatory x 4 - skin free of parasites - skin scrape negative - SQ masses noted, on chest between legs around neck - alopecia on dorsal abdomen/thorax more on left side - large open wound missing skin on left lateral/ dorsal abdomen thorax 4 in x 3 in - open wound in left ischium - suspected anal glad - does not connect - dry, dull coat multiple bumps and lumps around neck are scabs CNS: Mentation appropriate - no signs of neurologic abnormalities Rectal: Wood's Lamp Exam: Assessment: underweight dogs with multiple wounds Prognosis: fair Plan: sedated 0.52 ml Dex 0.52ml Torb - clipped and cleaned maintained on iso 2 - intubated with 7.5 E-tube sp02 99 throughout procedure clipped and cleaned massive wound on dorsum, debrided and closed with 2-0 suture Carprofen 150 BID PO Amoxi-clav 375 BID PO SURGERY: Temporary waiver due to severity of wounds Flagged for cruelty

1/31/2025

Your newly adopted pet has been diagnosed with severity of wounds and the staff veterinarians are issuing a TEMPORARY waiver from the spay/neuter requirements of the City of NY. Follow up care at your regular veterinarian is recommended to ensure continued treatment through to the resolution of the issue. At the time of a full recovery you may choose to have your veterinarian perform the spay/neuter surgery, or make provisions to return the pet to ACC for sterilization.

2/4/2025

Recheck wounds, staff noted that after shaking something flew out of wound and wound started leaking S/O: BAR, active and eating well, allows all handling Wound at dorsum between shoulders - focal opening approx 1cm, sutures in place surrounding -Thick dark tissue approx 2cm diameter noted hanging from wound opening (thicker, more dense than fresh blood clot) -Significant serosanguinous discharge from wound, pocketing noted when pressure applied ventral and lateral to wound and more fluid expresses out of opening 3 sutures in place at left ischium in horizontal line - skin healed, sutures removed SQ mass at right ventral thorax, between legs - approx 3cm diameter with draining tract Happy tail - approx 0.5cm lesion at distal tail. Shaved fur so lesion visible for monitoring *Sedated to place drain and recheck largest wound at dorsum. Dexmedetomidine 0.5 ml IM + butorphanol 0.5 ml IM. Full antisedan reversal, smooth recovery. -Skin surrounding opening is healed well, removed most sutures. -Focal opening at dorsum between shoulders - significant pocketing appreciated, most notable to the left. -Surrounding skin is warm, erythematous, and thickened down left side of thorax, similar but more mild findings to the right of wound -Scrubbed around wound and flushed wound copiously with sterile saline, two more 1-2 cm diameter chunks of dark tissue (old blood clots?) flushed from opening -Used sterile carmalts to explore wound ventrally to the left side, made stab incision with scalpel over most distal aspect of pocketing -Placed penrose drain, secured with 2-0 PDS -Flushed again with sterile saline A: Wound with pocketing and fluid buildup at dorsum - drain placed SQ mass with draining tract at right ventral thorax Happy tail lesion Healed wound at left ischium High dose NSAID x 5 days P: Continue clavamox Discontinue carprofen, has been on ~6mg/kg BID dose for 5 days Start gabapentin 13 mg/kg PO BID x 5 days for pain Scheduled blood work tomorrow Monitor on daily rounds and recheck in 2-3 days Remove drain in 3-5 days or when discharge no longer noted

2/5/2025

CBC/CHEM in house ///Done

2/5/2025

Progress exam Subjective: BAR, no c/s/v/d. Appetite excellent Objective: Eyes: Clear bilaterally, no discharge Oronasal: No nasal discharge. Lungs: Eupneic Musculoskeletal: Ambulatory x 4 with no appreciable lameness. Drain in place, moderate-marked purulent material. SQ mass on chest unchanged, crusted discharge, no active discharge from area today Neuro: Appropriate mentation. CBC: -Mild non-regenerative anemia [RBC 5.23 (5.65-8.87 M/uL), HCT 35.1 (37.3-61.7%) -Marked leukocytosis 32.1 (5.05-16.76 K/uL) -Marked neutrophilia 27.19 (2.95-11.64 K/uL) Mild monocytosis 1.95 (0.16-1.12 K/uL) Mild eosinophilia 1.35 (.06-1.23 K/uL) Chemistry: All values WNL Assessment: -SQ mass with draining tract on chest -Wound/abscess on dorsum -Happy tail -High dose NSAID x 5 days Plan: -Gently cleaned discharge from around drain with dilute chlorhexidine -Continue gabapentin 13 mg/kg PO q12h until 2/9 -CTM in medical

2/7/2025

Recheck wounds, drain S/O: BAR, active and easy to handle, allows wound care Eating well, no c/s/v/d noted Wound on dorsum - significant amount of crusts surrounding wounds/drains, mild-moderate amount of active mucoserous discharge from sites. Wound at left ischium - previously appeared healed, sutures removed 2/4; now open approx 1.5cm with scabbing and contraction of tissue, no active discharge Mass with draining tract at right ventral thorax/axilla - significantly smaller in size, no discharge Tail tip lesion - subjectively unchanged from 3 days ago, blood streaks on kennel walls indicate still bleeding/trauamatized in kennel A: Wound at dorsum Wound at left ischium Wound/mass at ventral thorax Wound at distal tail P: Flushed dorsal wounds with sterile saline, cleaned crusts and discharge Extend gabapentin and clavamox Start trazodone 9 mg/kg PO BID for mild sedation to minimize tail trauma in kennel CTM and recheck drain in 2-4 days, remove when no longer discharge

2/9/2025

recheck wounds, drain removal? S/O BAR, no c/s/v/d, no blood staining to kennel EENT: no ocular or nasal dc HL: eupneic MSI: amb x 4, wound over the dorsum w drain still had a moderate amount of mucoserous active d/c at the ends, dried scabbing. Wound to ischium (L): contracting, no d/c, minimal scabbing. Wound with mass to R axilla: no active dx, some scabbing Happy tail quiet aTT A. -Wound to ischium appears to be resolving -Drain to wound over dorsum still actively draining- not ready to be pulled today -Happy tail- quiet aTT -Wound with mass P. Cleaned drain sites with sterile saline Recheck in 2 days to see if drain ready to be pulled CTM in medical

2/11/2025

Recheck drain S/O: BAR, eating well, no c/s/v/d noted Wounds with drain at dorsum: Minimal active discharge, moderate crusting/scabbing surrounding the wounds. A: Wound at dorsum - healing P: Sutures and drain removed. Flushed with sterile saline - came out clear. Keep e-collar on Recheck all wounds in 2 days. Consider moving out of ICU if wounds healing appropriately at that time

2/13/2025

Recheck wounds, CIRDC signs noted S/O: BAR, active, allows all handling Eating well, occasional cough, no v/d/s EENT: Mild mucoserous nasal discharge LUNGS: Eupneic MSI: Ambulatory x 4, wound healing as follows -Dorsum: drain sites scabbed over, mild firm swelling around dorsal lesion -Ischium: scabbed and contracted, healing well -Ventral thorax, near right axilla: wound healed, very small firm SQ mass effect still present (but much smaller/nearly resolved) -Tail tip: 1cm wound at distal tail, not actively bleeding (but blood streaks noted along kennel walls) A: Wounds - healing Happy tail CIRDC P: Move of ICU, into iso Start doxycycline 10 mg/kg PO SID x 14 days Placed move to iso sign, monitoring log CTM wound healing, happy tail should improve out of ICU in bigger kennel Recheck CIRDC day 10

2/14/2025

Happy tail actively bleeding, moved into med ISO so he can be housed in larger kennel.

2/16/2025

recheck happy tail S/O BAR, A+A, no c/s/v/d appreciated EENT: no ocular dc, mild active bilat serous nasal dc HL: eupneic MSI: amb x4, distal end of tail with alopecia, mild erythema and scant serosang dc A. CIRDC- appears mild aTT Happy tail- no active bleeding aTT P. Cleaned tail with dilute chlorohex Keep in med ISO Monitor CIRDC Recheck scheduled

2/23/2025

CIRDC day 10, happy tail recheck S/O: BAR, A+A, no c/s/v/d appreciated or noted, excellent appetite, takes treats, food bowls empty, blood tinged streaks to kennel wall EENT: no ocular or nasal dc HL: eupneic MSI: amb x 4, distal end of tail w alopecia and scant hemorrhagic dc A. CIRDC- resolved Happy tail P. Okay to complete doxy course today Tail cleaned Move out of clinical iso, CIRDC appears resolved and p needs larger kennel space for HT to stay quite.

2/26/2025

no happy tail present

4/12/2025

Adding psychopharm due to arousal concerns: -clonidine 0.025mg/kg (0.6mg) PO q12h -gabapentin ~22mg/kg (600mg) PO q12h

Details on my behavior are...

Behavior Condition: 1. Green

Date of intake:: 1/29/2025

Means of surrender (length of time in previous home):: Stray( Unknown History)

Date of assessment:: 3/22/2025

Summary:: 3/22/25: Leash Walking Strength and pulling: Loose Reactivity to humans: None Reactivity to dogs: None Leash walking comments: Sociability Loose in room (15-20 seconds): Social- seeks attention loose body Call over: Readily approaches- gently takes treats Sociability comments: Allows collaring Handling Soft handling: Allowed- panting, neutral body Exuberant handling:Allowed- panting, neutral body Handling comments: Arousal Jog: Follow- distracted Arousal comments: Knock: Aloof Knock Comments: Toy: Grips walks away, tense with toy Toy comments: ***02/02/25:Due to medical concerns/injuries, a handling assessment will not be conducted. A behavior determination will be made from enrichment notes. Turbo was surrendered as a stray, so his past behavior in a home setting is unknown. In the Care Centers, Turbo has allowed medical handling, showing a loose body and sociable behaviors. Turbo has been observed to take treats with a hard mouth and becomes aroused during prolonged interaction with handlers. He jumps up persistently seeking more treats, and started to mildly leash bite when attempting to leash him and return to his kennel. Turbo's determination is reflected in the limited behavioral information we've gathered and observed. However, it’s unclear whether their behavior will remain consistent or if new behaviors may emerge once he is fully medically cleared. Positive reinforcement should be used when working with Turbo.***

Summary:: Due to Turbo entering the facility as a stray, there is no prior dog-to-dog history recorded. 02/24/25 Turbo is introduced to a novel female dog while off leash at the care center. Turbo will approach the gate with a soft, wiggly frame, toe-tapping with a wagging tail. Turbo vocalizes at the novel female dog, attempting to solicit her attention, but the novel female dog is nervous. Turbo will remain self-present, appearing frustrated as the novel female dog ignores him. Turbo is moved away from the gate and returned to kennel, concluding the interaction.

Summary (1):: The staff report that Turbo is a fetch master! Will trade and bring back very politely.

Summary (4):: 04/15/25: When the handler approaches Turbo is in front of their kennel door jumping and panting. The handler will toss a toy in front of the kennel door and open the door for leashing. Turbo will continue to jump at the door until he eventually sees the toy on the floor. At that point will fixate on getting the toy , attempting to paw it through the door. Once Turbo has a hold of it he will chew on it briefly before sitting patiently to be leashed. Turbo is easily leashed and escorted out of the care center. Turbo will walk and continuously drop his toy. The handler will kick the toy into his sight and he will chase after the toy. This will happen a few times before Turbo will be able to carry the toy. When Turbo will mark he will become highly aroused and attempt to run full speed to the end of the leash. During the rest of the walk Turbo will walk ahead of the handler pulling with a stiff frame as he takes in the environment. Turbo is escorted back to the care center where he is secured safely. 4/14/25: A volunteer offered information that they manage Turbo's leash biting by carrying a large stuffed toy for him. They offer it to him in the yard before re-leashing and he carries it inside. They were going to leave a large toy by his kennel for his PM walk. (AM): Turbo is at the front of his kennel with a loose body, jumping on the kennel door and barking when the handler approaches. Turbo is coaxed with treats through the leash and taken for a walk where he pulls hard, and is able to focus on holding a toy briefly before dropping it. Outside, Turbo will pass several dogs and will not react, instead pulling hard and running in front of the handler to offer sit, where he is given a treat for offering the behavior. Turbo on the walk continues to pull hard, engage with the handler and use the bathroom while leaning in for petting when the handler is engaging with him. Turbo will walk back to the care center, still pulling hard and begin to react to a dog that a staff member keeps coming to Turbo. The staff member backs away after seeing Turbo starting to bark and lunge, and is refocused with more treats. Turbo returns to his kennel with no issue.

Summary (5):: 4/13: An ACS reported that Turbo was easily leashed and taken out for his morning walk. He stopped to relieve himself for several minutes before continuing on the walk. On the way back inside, after walking through the doors and heading down the steps toward the kennel room, Turbo began intensely leash biting, prompting the ACS to call for help. Two handlers come out of the office, hearing the commotion, to see Turno jumping up and biting the leash, climbing up as the ACS attempts to straight-arm him. One of the handlers jumped in and took the lead from the ACS. Turbo continues to jump up past both handlers' eye level while climbing. Once the handler takes Turbo from the ACS, they keep him on a short lead and walk him to the behavior office, to give him the chance to settle before returning him to kennel and to allow time to finish cleaning his soiled kennel. Turbo becomes fixated on the collars that the handler has in their right hand, trying to reach around the handler to grab at the collars but is unsuccessful. The handler repeatedly tells the ACS to let the end of the lead go as they were trailing behind the handler still holding onto the end with the clip, which also hindered the handler's movement. Once they let go, the end swun dow,n and Turbo immediately latches on, nearly catching hands. One in front of the behavior office, Turbo releases to charge and hard bark at a dog in a crate. The handler has to wait before entering the office due to there already being a dog being leashed to return to their kennel. Once in the office, Turbo shakes off and finds a licki mat with spray cheese and readily engages. The second handler checks in with the handler and Turbo before checking if his kennel is ready. The handler can clip and remove the lead once Turbo is back in the kennel without further issue. 4/5/25: Turbo is at the back of his kennel enjoying a peanut butter enrichment item when approached in kennel, and is coaxed with another treat into the leash and is taken outside for a walk. Turbo pulls hard outside, and is able to take a toy in his mouth after urinating and defecating throughout his walk. Turbo will hold the toy in his mouth during the walk, engage with the handler in sit cues and lean into contact with the handlers whilst on the walk. Turbo does not react to any dogs he passes, but does begin to hard stare at a delivery driver, but with a squeaky toy and some treats is able to be refocused off the delivery driver, and taken back to kennel where he does not attempt to leash bite, and pulls back to his enrichment item that he was working on before hand without issue.

Summary (6):: 04/04/25 (rep reported): "Turbo allowed handler to leash him as normal, when exiting, Turbo DID NOT react to the other dogs in the passing kennels, Turbo was only pulling, he pulled hard during the entire walk which left him wheezing and panting the whole walk. When returning to the building, handler and turbo were located in front of the entrance when handler moved Turbo to the other side towards the wall to avoid/give distance between them and a porter nearby. Turbo proceeded to bite down hard/snap on the leash which cause the handler to step back, Turbo vocalized while leash biting in a growling/snarling manner. Turbo continued to bite up on the leash with force and as he also jumped up on the handler to reach higher, handler threw treats at Turbos face directly, Turbo showed some interest with a glance but continued to leash bite, Turbo then slipped out of his leash causing the handler to tell the porter to leave the area to avoid any incident that might occur while grabbing turbos collar, while handler is holding the collar, Turbo thrashed a bit and continued to bite the leash, it wasn’t until handler threw one of their own personal belongings to distract Turbo in which it did, while Turbo was distracted, handler held his collar and proceeded to leash him again and short hand him to avoid anymore leash biting; another ACS came over and double leashed Turbo with the original handler, Turbo occasionally tried to turn towards the leash of the other ACS to attempt to bite the leash, both handlers returned Turbo to his kennel to where he entered with no protest or leash biting. 03/29/25: Turbo is standing up in his kennel and will display a neutral frame while being leashed. He will be brought to the assessment room for enrichment, where he will be dressed with a drag leash and allowed to roam freely. Turbo will explore the room while the handler places a licky mat on the wall with cheese, which he eagerly engages with, licking all the cheese away. Afterward, the handler will provide him with a rawhide bone, which he will work on for the duration of his stay. He will eventually settle down and enjoy his bone while lying down. Turbo will be brought back to his kennel safely. 03/22/25 (reassessment): Turbo is sitting on his kuranda bed with a neutral frame as handler approaches. He is leashed with ease and pulls mildly to the Canine Behavior Office for a reassessment (see Behavior Assessment for further details). Turbo is clipped to a drag lead and free to explore the space. He is social with handlers and will approach to solicit treats. After assessment, he is returned to kennel safely. 2/24/25: Turbo was leashed with ease and walked to the yard for a gate greet (see dog-dog summary.) One of Turbo's minor wounds appeared to have recently been bleeding but it did not seem to be bothering him. He pulled on the way to the yard for a gate greet (see dog-dog summary.) He was returned to kennel with ease.

Summary (7):: 3/20/25: Turbo and an Acs where coming back from their walk when they both got spooked by another staff member quickly passing them from the corner hallway which they were passing. The Handler quickly pulled Turbo away and Turbo began to leash bite and bite on the handler's treat pouch. The handler was able to distract him with treats. 2/17/25: Turbo was loose and wiggly at front of kennel as handlers entered room. He was leashed with ease and pulled on the way outside for a short relief walk. Turbo's kennel was unsoiled (aside from blood from happy tail) and he relieved himself as soon as he got to a grassy area. Turbo responded to his name and was highly treat motivated. He was returned to kennel with ease where he offered a sit and took a treat gently hand fed. 2/10/25 (KSV): Turbo was standing in kennel and began whining when handler entered room. Turbo was bumping into kennel walls with his cone and tail as he tried to move around. Turbo displayed FAS by yawning when handler interacted with him. Due to Turbo's apparent injuries and drain still in place, handler opted to let him rest to avoid any further disruption. 2/4/25: Turbo will sit when told so handler can leash him. Turbo appears to be potty trained he only relieves himself outside. He will walk past other dogs with no issues. Turbo tugs a lot to the point where he gags. Harness is preferred when turbo heals. Turbo returns to kennel with not issues. 2/2: Handlers bring Turbo to the behavior office to gauge if an attempt at limited handling assessment could be performed. Turbo has a loose body and greets the handlers, accepting treats with a hard mouth. Due to his injuries, handlers limit as much physical contact as possible. Turbo begins demand-barking for treats when there is a pause in feeding him. When attempting to conduct the limited handling, Turbo continues to demand bark becoming fixated on treats and the handlers notice him becoming aroused. He begins jumping up more, higher and higher each time, body tensing, pupils dilated, with heavy panting. Out of concern for his wounds and the jumping, the handlers end the session. Turbo jumps up on the couch and begins biting at the handler's lead mildly as they attempt to leash him. He stops when he sees the handler reach into their treat pouch and the lead is then secured and he is walked back to his kennel. 2/1/25: Turbo will sit when told so handler can leash him. When outside turbo walks pass dogs with no issues. Turbo returns back to kennel with no issues. 1/31/25: Turbo is easily leashed by handler. Turbo has loose body while outside. while returning back to kennel turbo goes back willingly.

Date of intake:: 1/29/2025

Date of initial:: 1/30/2025

Summary:: social, allowed handling, sedated to assess injury

BEHAVIOR DETERMINATION:: New Hope Only

Recommendations:: No children (under 13),Place with a New Hope partner

Recommendations comments:: No children (under 13): Due to Turbo's social hyperarousal and leash biting, we recommend an adult-only home at this time. Place with a New Hope Partner: Due to the concerning level of leash biting and arousal displayed in the care center, the behavior department recommends Turbo be placed with a New Hope placement partner who is able to provide an experienced adult-only foster home. A period of decompression is recommended to allow Tubro to acclimate comfortably to his new environment; force-free, reward-based training only is advised when introducing him to new and unfamiliar situations. Consultation with a professional trainer/behaviorist is highly recommended for guidance to safely manage/modify any behavior Turbo presents with outside of the care centers.

Potential challenges: : Basic manners/poor impulse control,Mouthiness/poor bite inhibition,Leash-biting,Strength/leash pulling,Low threshold for arousal

Potential challenges comments:: Basic manners/poor impulse control: Turbo has been observed to jump up often especially when seeking treats and begins demanding barking. It is recommended that default behaviors such as "Leave it", "Sit/Stay", "Down" are reinforced to substitute any frustration and teach him to control his impulses instead of simply reacting; proper management is also advised. Force-free, reward based training only is recommended. Please see handout on Basic manners/poor impulse control. Low threshold for arousal | Leash Biting: Turbo quickly becomes over-aroused in the presence of people, jumping up higher each time while panting heavily and eventually begins leash biting. Positive reinforcement, force-free training should be used to teach Turbo to remain calm when people and other exciting things are around. He should be rewarded with treats when calm. If he escalates to jumping or mouthing, people should immediately walk away from and separate themselves from Turbo. Please see handout on Arousal. Mouthiness/poor bite inhibition: Turbo takes treats with a hard mouth when offered. Please see handout on Mouthiness/poor bite inhibition. Strength/leash pulling:Turbo has also shown a strong pull on the leash to the point of wheezing,